Cycling is often perceived as a sport where training and determination are enough to excel. However, the reality is more complex. Between genetics, socioeconomic environment, and childhood participation, the chances of success vary considerably even before the start. Here are the main factors explaining these disparities.
By Guillaume Judas – Photos: depositphotos.com
Performance differences from the start
In cycling, the performance gaps are evident, whether it's a one-day race, a stage, or a short effort. While most experienced cyclists can cover 200 km at their own pace, maintaining a speed of 50 km/h for a kilometer is a completely different challenge, reserved for a minority. These differences cannot be explained solely by training.
The weight of genetics
VO2max, an indicator of the maximum capacity to consume oxygen during intense exercise (expressed in ml/kg/min), is a key factor in aerobic performance.. Determined partly by heredity, it varies from one individual to another.
For example, Mathieu van der Poel, son of Adrie van der Poel and grandson of Raymond Poulidor, probably benefits from an exceptional VO2max, favored by his genetic makeup.
Optimal training can improve VO2max by 20-30%. A sedentary person with a VO2max of 40–45 ml/kg/min can reach 50–60 ml/kg/min with diligence, especially in late adolescence, a key period for their development. However, stage race champions often have a VO2max above 90 ml/kg/min, elite runners around 80, and top amateurs between 60 and 70. With a VO2max of 60, it is difficult to compete at the highest level.
Studies, particularly on mice, suggest that motivation to train could also be influenced by genetics, reinforcing the gaps from the start.
The influence of environment and childhood
Epigenetics, which modulates gene expression, plays an important roleActive parents can pass on a positive predisposition to sport. In addition, early sporting activity during childhood develops technical skills, exercise tolerance, and self-confidence.
Children who have access to activities such as cycling, swimming or athletics gain an advantagetage sustainable. For example, Remco Evenepoel, who switched from football to cycling at 17, capitalized on his athletic skills developed at a young age.
Nutrition during childhood is also crucial. Dietary habits and early overweight can limit performance in adulthood by influencing body composition.
Socio-economic factors
The socio-economic environment conditions access to sportExpensive sports activities, such as cycling, require financial resources, especially for high-performance equipment. A high-end bike, which can cost €6 to €000, offers atage significant, widening the gap from the youth categories.
As an adult, professional constraints (physical jobs, irregular hours) and family constraints reduce the time and energy available for training, limiting the chances of performing in amateur competition.
Rethinking the practice of cycling
Faced with these inequalities, the quest for performance can prove frustrating, especially with age.An alternative is to focus on recreational cycling, which is focused on enjoyment and health. Regular practice improves cardiovascular health, mental well-being, and limits weight gain, while also providing moments of conviviality.
The rise of ultra-distance events, on route or gravel, emphasizes qualities such as effort management and endurance, rather than raw power. These formats allow everyone to find goals adapted to their abilities.
Rather than aiming for unattainable performance, you can turn to a practice focused on pleasure, health and discovery. The real victory lies in regular and appropriate practice, at any age.
